我们重新访问重尾损坏的最小二乘线性回归，假设最多损坏了$ n $ n $ n $ sized的标签 - 功能样本，最多是$ \ epsilon n $ nutialary Outliers。我们希望估计给定标签 - 功能对$（y，x）$满足$ y = \ y = \ langle x，b^*\ rangle+xi $的标签 - 功能对$（y，x）$的样本给定$ p $ -dimensional参数$ b^*$ - 尾$（x，\ xi）$。我们只假设$ x $ is $ l^4-l^2 $超债券与常数$ l> 0 $，并具有协方差矩阵$ \ sigma $，最低eigenvalue $ 1/\ mu^2> 0 $和有限条件号$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ kappa> 0 $。只要$ \ xi x $具有有限的协方差矩阵$ \ xi $，噪声$ \ xi $可以任意取决于$ x $，而非对称性。我们提出了一个基于功率方法的近乎最佳的计算估计器，假设对$（\ sigma，\ xi）$也不了解$ \ xi $的运算符规范。如果概率至少$ 1- \ delta $，我们提出的估计器达到了统计率$ \ mu^2 \ vert \ xi \ xi \ vert^{1/2}（\ frac {p} {n} {n}+\ frac {\ log（\ log（\ log（ 1/\ delta）}} {n}+\ epsilon）^{1/2} $ and beckdown-point $ \ epsilon \ epsilon \ sillesim \ frac {1} {l^4 \ kappa^2} $ \ ell_2 $ - norm，假设最小最小样本大小$ l^4 \ kappa^2（p \ log p + p + \ log（1/\ delta））\ sillsim n $，最多为log fix因数。据我们所知，这是同时满足所有提到的所有属性的第一个计算障碍算法。我们的估计器基于两阶段的乘量重量更新算法。第一阶段估计了（未知）预先条件的内部产品$ \ langle \ sigma（\ cdot），\ cdot \ rangle $。第二阶段估计下降方向$ \ sigma \ hat v $相对于（已知的）内部产品$ \ langle \ cdot，\ cdot \ rangle $，而无需了解或估计$ \ sigma $。

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

以对象为中心的表示是通过提供柔性抽象可以在可以建立的灵活性抽象来实现更系统的推广的有希望的途径。最近的简单2D和3D数据集的工作表明，具有对象的归纳偏差的模型可以学习段，并代表单独的数据的统计结构中的有意义对象，而无需任何监督。然而，尽管使用越来越复杂的感应偏差（例如，用于场景的尺寸或3D几何形状），但这种完全无监督的方法仍然无法扩展到不同的现实数据。在本文中，我们采取了弱监督的方法，并专注于如何使用光流的形式的视频数据的时间动态，2）调节在简单的对象位置上的模型可以用于启用分段和跟踪对象在明显更现实的合成数据中。我们介绍了一个顺序扩展，以便引入我们训练的推出，我们训练用于预测现实看的合成场景的光流，并显示调节该模型的初始状态在一小组提示，例如第一帧中的物体的质量中心，是足以显着改善实例分割。这些福利超出了新型对象，新颖背景和更长的视频序列的培训分配。我们还发现，在推论期间可以使用这种初始状态调节作为对特定物体或物体部分的型号查询模型，这可能会为一系列弱监管方法铺平，并允许更有效的互动训练有素的型号。

This paper presents a machine learning approach to multidimensional item response theory (MIRT), a class of latent factor models that can be used to model and predict student performance from observed assessment data. Inspired by collaborative filtering, we define a general class of models that includes many MIRT models. We discuss the use of penalized joint maximum likelihood (JML) to estimate individual models and cross-validation to select the best performing model. This model evaluation process can be optimized using batching techniques, such that even sparse large-scale data can be analyzed efficiently. We illustrate our approach with simulated and real data, including an example from a massive open online course (MOOC). The high-dimensional model fit to this large and sparse dataset does not lend itself well to traditional methods of factor interpretation. By analogy to recommender-system applications, we propose an alternative "validation" of the factor model, using auxiliary information about the popularity of items consulted during an open-book exam in the course.

Real-world robotic grasping can be done robustly if a complete 3D Point Cloud Data (PCD) of an object is available. However, in practice, PCDs are often incomplete when objects are viewed from few and sparse viewpoints before the grasping action, leading to the generation of wrong or inaccurate grasp poses. We propose a novel grasping strategy, named 3DSGrasp, that predicts the missing geometry from the partial PCD to produce reliable grasp poses. Our proposed PCD completion network is a Transformer-based encoder-decoder network with an Offset-Attention layer. Our network is inherently invariant to the object pose and point's permutation, which generates PCDs that are geometrically consistent and completed properly. Experiments on a wide range of partial PCD show that 3DSGrasp outperforms the best state-of-the-art method on PCD completion tasks and largely improves the grasping success rate in real-world scenarios. The code and dataset will be made available upon acceptance.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) captures cross-sectional data and is used for the screening, monitoring, and treatment planning of retinal diseases. Technological developments to increase the speed of acquisition often results in systems with a narrower spectral bandwidth, and hence a lower axial resolution. Traditionally, image-processing-based techniques have been utilized to reconstruct subsampled OCT data and more recently, deep-learning-based methods have been explored. In this study, we simulate reduced axial scan (A-scan) resolution by Gaussian windowing in the spectral domain and investigate the use of a learning-based approach for image feature reconstruction. In anticipation of the reduced resolution that accompanies wide-field OCT systems, we build upon super-resolution techniques to explore methods to better aid clinicians in their decision-making to improve patient outcomes, by reconstructing lost features using a pixel-to-pixel approach with an altered super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) architecture.

Using Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems with extensive sensing arrangements on every civil structure can be costly and impractical. Various concepts have been introduced to alleviate such difficulties, such as Population-based SHM (PBSHM). Nevertheless, the studies presented in the literature do not adequately address the challenge of accessing the information on different structural states (conditions) of dissimilar civil structures. The study herein introduces a novel framework named Structural State Translation (SST), which aims to estimate the response data of different civil structures based on the information obtained from a dissimilar structure. SST can be defined as Translating a state of one civil structure to another state after discovering and learning the domain-invariant representation in the source domains of a dissimilar civil structure. SST employs a Domain-Generalized Cycle-Generative (DGCG) model to learn the domain-invariant representation in the acceleration datasets obtained from a numeric bridge structure that is in two different structural conditions. In other words, the model is tested on three dissimilar numeric bridge models to translate their structural conditions. The evaluation results of SST via Mean Magnitude-Squared Coherence (MMSC) and modal identifiers showed that the translated bridge states (synthetic states) are significantly similar to the real ones. As such, the minimum and maximum average MMSC values of real and translated bridge states are 91.2% and 97.1%, the minimum and the maximum difference in natural frequencies are 5.71% and 0%, and the minimum and maximum Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) values are 0.998 and 0.870. This study is critical for data scarcity and PBSHM, as it demonstrates that it is possible to obtain data from structures while the structure is actually in a different condition or state.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease worldwide, where knee OA takes more than 80% of commonly affected joints. Knee OA is not a curable disease yet, and it affects large columns of patients, making it costly to patients and healthcare systems. Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of knee OA might be argued by variability in its clinical and physical manifestations. Although knee OA carries a list of well-known terminology aiming to standardize the nomenclature of the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes of the chronic joint disease, in practice there is a wide range of terminology associated with knee OA across different data sources, including but not limited to biomedical literature, clinical notes, healthcare literacy, and health-related social media. Among these data sources, the scientific articles published in the biomedical literature usually make a principled pipeline to study disease. Rapid yet, accurate text mining on large-scale scientific literature may discover novel knowledge and terminology to better understand knee OA and to improve the quality of knee OA diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The present works aim to utilize artificial neural network strategies to automatically extract vocabularies associated with knee OA diseases. Our finding indicates the feasibility of developing word embedding neural networks for autonomous keyword extraction and abstraction of knee OA.

Objective: Accurate visual classification of bladder tissue during Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) procedures is essential to improve early cancer diagnosis and treatment. During TURBT interventions, White Light Imaging (WLI) and Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) techniques are used for lesion detection. Each imaging technique provides diverse visual information that allows clinicians to identify and classify cancerous lesions. Computer vision methods that use both imaging techniques could improve endoscopic diagnosis. We address the challenge of tissue classification when annotations are available only in one domain, in our case WLI, and the endoscopic images correspond to an unpaired dataset, i.e. there is no exact equivalent for every image in both NBI and WLI domains. Method: We propose a semi-surprised Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based method composed of three main components: a teacher network trained on the labeled WLI data; a cycle-consistency GAN to perform unpaired image-to-image translation, and a multi-input student network. To ensure the quality of the synthetic images generated by the proposed GAN we perform a detailed quantitative, and qualitative analysis with the help of specialists. Conclusion: The overall average classification accuracy, precision, and recall obtained with the proposed method for tissue classification are 0.90, 0.88, and 0.89 respectively, while the same metrics obtained in the unlabeled domain (NBI) are 0.92, 0.64, and 0.94 respectively. The quality of the generated images is reliable enough to deceive specialists. Significance: This study shows the potential of using semi-supervised GAN-based classification to improve bladder tissue classification when annotations are limited in multi-domain data.

Designing a natural voice interface rely mostly on Speech recognition for interaction between human and their modern digital life equipment. In addition, speech recognition narrows the gap between monolingual individuals to better exchange communication. However, the field lacks wide support for several universal languages and their dialects, while most of the daily conversations are carried out using them. This paper comes to inspect the viability of designing an Automatic Speech Recognition model for the Sudanese dialect, which is one of the Arabic Language dialects, and its complexity is a product of historical and social conditions unique to its speakers. This condition is reflected in both the form and content of the dialect, so this paper gives an overview of the Sudanese dialect and the tasks of collecting represented resources and pre-processing performed to construct a modest dataset to overcome the lack of annotated data. Also proposed end- to-end speech recognition model, the design of the model was formed using Convolution Neural Networks. The Sudanese dialect dataset would be a stepping stone to enable future Natural Language Processing research targeting the dialect. The designed model provided some insights into the current recognition task and reached an average Label Error Rate of 73.67%.